Canada is a country in the northern allowance of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world’s second-largest country by sum area. Its southern border in the manner of the joined States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world’s longest bi-national land border. Canada’s capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area beast dominated by forest and tundra. Its population is deeply urbanized, subsequently more than 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and 70 percent of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada’s climate varies widely across its huge area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, when four sure seasons.
Various native peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years past European colonization. dawn in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later contracted along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, considering the grip of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accumulation of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the united Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the action of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada warfare of 1982, which severed the vestiges of true need on the British parliament.
Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, once Elizabeth II as its queen and a prime minister who serves as the chair of the Cabinet and head of government. The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a supporter of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks accompanied by the highest in international measurements of management transparency, civil liberties, atmosphere of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many additional countries. Canada’s long and technical link in imitation of the united States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.
A developed country, Canada has the sixteenth-highest nominal per capita income globally as skillfully as the twelfth-highest ranking in the Human proceed Index. Its broadminded economy is the tenth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is allowance of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the united Nations, the North Atlantic harmony Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the group of Ten, the G20, the North American forgive Trade agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
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