Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the unaccompanied European country to have a monster link up behind an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are then part of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; further major urban areas tally up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along subsequent to ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came below Roman announce around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician publish Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and customary relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly fuse all unshakable independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was subsequently documented as Hispania.
In the ahead of time eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving single-handedly a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting in the works to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering time across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to incline the invasion. taking into account the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the further on modern period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were furthermore many advancements in the arts, past world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish university work, Don Quixote, was as well as published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World extraction Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, once King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall income country, like the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing faculty parity. It is a aficionado of the joined Nations (UN), the European sticking together (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the management of Ibero-American States (OEI), the union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic settlement supervision (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and spread (OECD), government for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade meting out (WTO) and many extra international organisations. though not an certified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto advocate of the group.
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