Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost allowance of Eurasia.
Europe is most commonly considered to be at odds from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term “continent” implies living thing geography, the home border is somewhat arbitrary and has been redefined several period back its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which amend upon a spectrum rather than subsequent to a brilliant dividing line. The geographic be close to amongst Europe and Asia does not follow any declare boundaries: Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan are transcontinental countries. France, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain and joined Kingdom are then transcontinental in that the main allocation is in Europe even if pockets of their territory are located in supplementary continents.
Europe covers not quite 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of land area). Politically, Europe is not speaking into very nearly fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of very nearly 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2016. The European climate is largely affected by hot Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. new from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast.
Europe, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The drop of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the subsequent Migration times marked the stop of ancient records and the start of the middle Ages. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art and science led to the radical era. past the Age of Discovery started by Portugal and Spain, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. surrounded by the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at various get older the Americas, a propos every of Africa and Oceania and the majority of Asia.
The Age of Enlightenment, the subsequent French lawlessness and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the stop of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to forward looking economic, cultural and social tweak in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars took place for the most part in Europe, contributing to a fade away in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet linkage and the joined States took prominence. During the chilly War, Europe was separated along the Iron Curtain amongst NATO in the West and the Warsaw pact in the East, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall.
In 1949 the Council of Europe was founded, subsequent to a speech by Sir Winston Churchill, subsequently the idea of unifying Europe to accomplish common goals. It includes every European states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. additional European integration by some states led to the formation of the European hold (EU), a sever embassy entity that lies in the midst of a confederation and a federation. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet linkage in 1991. The currency of most countries of the European Union, the euro, is the most commonly used among Europeans; and the EU’s Schengen area abolishes be next to and immigration controls along with most of its aficionado states.
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