Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the solitary European country to have a visceral affix similar to an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are moreover portion of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little home boundary gone Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the recess of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; additional major urban areas combine Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in this area 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along in imitation of ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman decide almost 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician post Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and traditional relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join all enduring independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was later documented as Hispania.
In the forward eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to find most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving forlorn a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting stirring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering grow old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the initiation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to perspective the invasion. when the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the lead forward looking period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were as a consequence many advancements in the arts, subsequently world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish assistant professor work, Don Quixote, was with published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World stock Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, taking into account King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall income country, as soon as the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a supporter of the allied Nations (UN), the European sticking together (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the presidency of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic treaty government (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and expand (OECD), government for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade giving out (WTO) and many extra international organisations. even if not an credited member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto believer of the group.
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