Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory then includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the solitary European country to have a physical attach subsequently an African country (Morocco). Several little islands in the Alboran Sea are as well as allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little estate boundary in the manner of Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the recess of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas adjoin Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula re 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along when ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came below Roman adjudicate regarding 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician declare Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and customary relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join every permanent independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was next documented as Hispania.
In the yet to be eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to deem most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection unaccompanied a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting happening to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering times across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the foundation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to slope the invasion. behind the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the at the forefront innovative period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, subsequent to world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish hypothetical work, Don Quixote, was next published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World origin Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall income country, later the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a devotee of the associated Nations (UN), the European hold (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the admin of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic treaty government (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and expand (OECD), organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade admin (WTO) and many extra international organisations. even if not an certified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto zealot of the group.
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