Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the on your own European country to have a creature be next to in imitation of an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are then share of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little home boundary in imitation of Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; extra major urban areas add up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula a propos 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along next ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman announce as regards 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician pronounce Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and expected relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate every permanent independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the ahead of time eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to regard as being most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving behind only a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting stirring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering era across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the foundation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. past the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the front highly developed period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were with many advancements in the arts, bearing in mind world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish theoretical work, Don Quixote, was after that published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World descent Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, past King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall income country, considering the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a believer of the joined Nations (UN), the European bond (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the processing of Ibero-American States (OEI), the sticking together for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic agreement organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and enhancement (OECD), executive for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade management (WTO) and many new international organisations. though not an certified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto fanatic of the group.
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