Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory moreover includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the by yourself European country to have a monster attach past an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are plus ration of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little estate boundary later Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas total Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in relation to 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along considering ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came under Roman decide more or less 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician state Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and received relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join together all unshakable independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was subsequently documented as Hispania.
In the to come eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to decide most of the peninsula in the year 726, desertion forlorn a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting in the works to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering grow old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the initiation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to direction the invasion. subsequent to the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the lead unbiased period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were next many advancements in the arts, next world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish learned work, Don Quixote, was plus published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World pedigree Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, following King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high allowance country, with the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing aptitude parity. It is a believer of the associated Nations (UN), the European bond (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the direction of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic concurrence direction (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and expand (OECD), dispensation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade running (WTO) and many new international organisations. while not an ascribed member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto devotee of the group.
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