Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory plus includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the and no-one else European country to have a visceral affix similar to an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are furthermore portion of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary past Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; extra major urban areas tally up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula vis–vis 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along in the manner of ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came under Roman declare with reference to 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and traditional relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join together every unshakable independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was subsequently documented as Hispania.
In the beforehand eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to pronounce most of the peninsula in the year 726, neglect isolated a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting happening to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering get older across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the introduction of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to turn the invasion. next the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the lead militant period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were moreover many advancements in the arts, behind world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish scholarly work, Don Quixote, was along with published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World descent Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high pension country, gone the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing aptitude parity. It is a member of the united Nations (UN), the European sticking to (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the giving out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic harmony admin (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and progress (OECD), direction for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade paperwork (WTO) and many extra international organisations. even though not an endorsed member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto fanatic of the group.
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