Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory along with includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the without help European country to have a brute affix following an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little estate boundary next Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; new major urban areas increase Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as regards 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along in the same way as ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman announce roughly 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician state Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and time-honored relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly mingle all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the to the lead eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, neglect without help a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting taking place to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering become old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the initiation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to slant the invasion. subsequent to the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the in advance unbiased period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish scholarly work, Don Quixote, was moreover published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World stock Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, subsequent to King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall allowance country, following the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing skill parity. It is a devotee of the allied Nations (UN), the European hold (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic agreement supervision (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and progress (OECD), doling out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade handing out (WTO) and many supplementary international organisations. while not an approved member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto believer of the group.
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