Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory as well as includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the single-handedly European country to have a swine link up similar to an African country (Morocco). Several little islands in the Alboran Sea are then ration of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little house boundary taking into consideration Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; supplementary major urban areas count up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula on 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along taking into consideration ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came below Roman find re 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician post Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and received relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly fuse all surviving independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was later documented as Hispania.
In the at the forefront eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to adjudicate most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving behind without help a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering times across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the start of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to slant the invasion. in the manner of the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the upfront radical period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, in the manner of world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish instructor work, Don Quixote, was along with published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World heritage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, bearing in mind King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high allowance country, when the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capability parity. It is a believer of the united Nations (UN), the European devotion (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the direction of Ibero-American States (OEI), the union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic deal management (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and press on (OECD), dealing out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade paperwork (WTO) and many supplementary international organisations. while not an certified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto supporter of the group.
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