Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory after that includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the solitary European country to have a instinctive attach later than an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are furthermore share of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little home boundary considering Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; supplementary major urban areas add up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula just about 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along gone ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman adjudicate approaching 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician reveal Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly merge every enduring independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the forward eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to find most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection only a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting in the works to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering become old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the inauguration of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to slant the invasion. past the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the lead highly developed period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were then many advancements in the arts, bearing in mind world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish scholarly work, Don Quixote, was moreover published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World pedigree Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, in imitation of King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, similar to the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing gift parity. It is a advocate of the united Nations (UN), the European devotion (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the processing of Ibero-American States (OEI), the linkage for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic deal running (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and enhance (OECD), executive for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade supervision (WTO) and many further international organisations. though not an attributed member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto member of the group.
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