Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory then includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the and no-one else European country to have a creature attach next an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are along with allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary past Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas attach Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in relation to 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along subsequent to ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman regard as being not far off from 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician reveal Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and standard relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly merge every enduring independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the to come eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to decide most of the peninsula in the year 726, desertion unaccompanied a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting in the works to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the introduction of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to slant the invasion. next the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the before innovative period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, behind world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish studious work, Don Quixote, was afterward published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World pedigree Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, similar to King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high pension country, as soon as the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing faculty parity. It is a zealot of the allied Nations (UN), the European bond (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the linkage for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic unity management (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and move ahead (OECD), giving out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade running (WTO) and many further international organisations. while not an credited member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto supporter of the group.
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