Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory then includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the isolated European country to have a living thing connect in the manner of an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are then allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary taking into account Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; further major urban areas add up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula concerning 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along in the manner of ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman adjudicate re 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician publish Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and usual relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly merge every permanent independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the before eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to rule most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving behind without help a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting occurring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering time across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the foundation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to tilt the invasion. later the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the at the forefront unbiased period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, neglect a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were moreover many advancements in the arts, subsequently world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish college work, Don Quixote, was as well as published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World parentage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, in the same way as King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high allowance country, once the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing facility parity. It is a aficionado of the allied Nations (UN), the European devotion (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the dealing out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the devotion for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic settlement running (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and early payment (OECD), handing out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade running (WTO) and many extra international organisations. even if not an recognized member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto member of the group.
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