Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory as well as includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the and no-one else European country to have a being connect subsequent to an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also portion of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little estate boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; supplementary major urban areas combine Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula just about 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along once ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman declare a propos 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician state Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and conventional relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate every steadfast independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was later documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to adjudicate most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection and no-one else a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering time across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the start of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to position the invasion. like the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the further on broadminded period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were furthermore many advancements in the arts, gone world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish researcher work, Don Quixote, was as a consequence published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World line Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, similar to King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high pension country, later the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing knack parity. It is a aficionada of the united Nations (UN), the European devotion (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the running of Ibero-American States (OEI), the sticking together for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic deal dispensation (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and press on (OECD), executive for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade government (WTO) and many extra international organisations. though not an official member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto supporter of the group.
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