Europe is a continent located enormously in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost ration of Eurasia.
Europe is most commonly considered to be estranged from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term “continent” implies instinctive geography, the land border is somewhat arbitrary and has been redefined several mature since its first conception in classical antiquity. The isolation of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary upon a spectrum rather than behind a sharp dividing line. The geographic be close to between Europe and Asia does not follow any give leave to enter boundaries: Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan are transcontinental countries. France, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain and united Kingdom are furthermore transcontinental in that the main allowance is in Europe though pockets of their territory are located in other continents.
Europe covers more or less 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of estate area). Politically, Europe is at odds into just about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a sum population of practically 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2016. The European climate is largely affected by hot Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers upon much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. supplementary from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than near to the coast.
Europe, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the subsequent Migration times marked the stop of ancient history and the arrival of the center Ages. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art and science led to the campaigner era. back the Age of Discovery started by Portugal and Spain, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. together with the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at various time the Americas, around all of Africa and Oceania and the majority of Asia.
The Age of Enlightenment, the subsequent French disorder and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the stop of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in good Britain at the stop of the 18th century, gave rise to advanced economic, cultural and social bend in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars took place for the most share in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet sticking to and the joined States took prominence. During the cool War, Europe was estranged along the Iron Curtain amongst NATO in the West and the Warsaw harmony in the East, until the revolutions of 1989 and drop of the Berlin Wall.
In 1949 the Council of Europe was founded, taking into account a speech by Sir Winston Churchill, subsequent to the idea of unifying Europe to reach common goals. It includes every European states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. additional European integration by some states led to the formation of the European bond (EU), a separate diplomatic entity that lies between a confederation and a federation. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward previously the drop of the Soviet bond in 1991. The currency of most countries of the European Union, the euro, is the most commonly used accompanied by Europeans; and the EU’s Schengen area abolishes attach and immigration controls along with most of its fanatic states.
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